Medicinal plant soil amendments, including PRB and CSB, reduced root-knot nematode infection in tomato (Kim et al., 2003). moutan root bark display antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata. Recently, paeonol and benzoic acid were identified in Paeonia suffruticosa root bark that showed acaricidal activities against the copra mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae these activities were much higher in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effects of these compounds were largely due to action in the vapor phase. clusii was found to contain a high percentage of paeonol. The fact that volatile constituents of Paeonia clusii were active against several microorganisms, including pathogenic fungi and exhibited the highest antifungal activity among the Paeonia taxa tested, may be attributed to the existence of paeonol, because P.
solani may involve the release of volatile antimicrobial substances, such as paeonol and cinnamaldehyde in PRB and CSB, respectively, which inhibit fungal mycelial growth. The purified antifungal compound separated from the CSB and PRB inhibited the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi, including R. However, peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa) root bark (PRB) and Cinnamomum loureirii stem bark (CSB) showed the strongest antifungal activity against R. harzianum to select plant species that can be used to improve the biocontrol efficacy of T. Several species of medicinal plant materials were tested for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and T. Natural plant materials are possible sources of environmentally friendly agrochemicals that are effective against pathogens. In particular, the antimicrobial activities of plant materials and essential oils have formed the basis of preservation, pharmaceutical, alternative medicine and natural therapies. The antimicrobial activity of plant materials and their extracts have been recognized for many years. Two different biocontrol agents used in a mixture of Pichia guilliermondii and Bacillus mycoides are higher in control efficacy than that achieved by separate inoculation, and the variability of suppression was reduced. harzianum or Pseudomonas cepacia resulted in lower disease incidences of red pepper phytophthora blight than by any single treatment (Kim et al., 1991). A combined application of metalaxyl with either T. harzianum is more effective than either treatment alone for controlling Rhizoctonia damping-off (Lee et al., 2008).
The combined application of Paeonia suffruticosa cortex (medicinal plant) and T. Combined applications of a biocontrol agent and synthetic chemicals or plant materials often provide better plant protection than individual treatments. Therefore, the integration of microorganisms and chemical pesticides and/or natural materials may be an effective method applicable in the field.
How to apply biocontrol agents to soil full#
However, achieving full disease control in soil is difficult mainly because of the complexity of the plant-soil system, whereby the microbial inoculum is affected by biotic and abiotic factors and shows relatively lower efficacies compared to those of applying chemicals under various environmental conditions. Several strains of Trichoderma have been tested as an alternative to chemical fungicides. Trichoderma produces a large range of secondary metabolites with inhibitory traits, including direct mycoparasitism as well as lysis and degradation of the cell wall by enzymes. are worldwide in occurrence and easily isolated from soil, decaying wood and other forms of plant organic matter. Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous soil fungus that functions as a biocontrol agent for a wide range of economically important plant pathogens. However, although numerous microorganisms have been considered potential agents for suppressing plant pathogens, only a few have been commercialized.
Biological control appears to be an environmentally safe and economically feasible strategy for plant protection and has great potential to promote sustainable agriculture. Emerging strategies for plant disease management involves integrated approach by applying antagonistic microorganisms alone or in combination with and/or alternating with pesticides/fungicides or natural materials. These issues and a means to develop eco-friendly and safer control methods have encouraged research efforts aimed at finding new and effective methods for controlling plant diseases. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012Ĭontrol of pests and pathogens mainly relies on the use of chemicals, but the overuse of chemical pesticides lead to adverse impacts on the environment, humans and animal health and also induces a pathogenic resistance to pesticides. Effect of medicinal plant materials on efficacy of biocontrol agents used against soil borne plant pathogensĪuthors: Zakaullah Khan, Bharat H.
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